investigators linked higher coffee consumption with lower risk of cirrhosis, liver cancer and liver-related death.

“Previous studies suggested that coffee might benefit the liver, but most were smaller or looked at only one piece of the puzzle,” said hepatologist Hyunseok Kim, MD, MPH, PhD, assistant professor of Medicine at Cedars-Sinai and corresponding author of the study. “We followed hundreds of thousands of people for more than a decade and looked at their health outcomes along with liver MRI scans and blood protein analyses. Together, those findings help explain the biological mechanisms behind coffee’s association with better liver health.”

A Cedars-Sinai study of more than 355,000 adults found that drinking coffee was associated with lower risks of cirrhosis, liver cancer and liver-related death. The investigators analyzed data from 354,957 UK Biobank participants who did not have cirrhosis or liver cancer at the start of the study. Over a median follow-up of 13 years, researchers tracked new diagnoses of cirrhosis, liver cancer and liver-related death through linked health records.

Compared with people who did not drink coffee, those who drank five or more cups of coffee a day had a 32% lower risk of cirrhosis, a 47% lower risk of liver cancer and a 42% lower risk of liver-related death. Participants who drank more coffee also had lower levels of liver fat, liver iron, fibrosis and liver inflammation in MRI scans. And coffee drinkers’ blood tests showed higher levels of proteins tied to healthy liver function and lower levels of proteins linked to scarring and inflammation.

While liver health risk decreased as coffee consumption increased, researchers noted that benefits were seen even at one to two cups per day and appeared strongest around three to four cups per day. They emphasized that while the highest intake group (five or more cups daily) showed benefit, they would not recommend increasing consumption to that level specifically.

Similar protective associations were observed for caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee, suggesting that caffeine itself is unlikely to be the only active component, and that other naturally occurring compounds in coffee may contribute to the benefits. Because the study was observational, investigators noted it does not prove that coffee itself prevents liver disease. And they emphasized that coffee should complement—not replace—established strategies for preventing liver disease.

“Our findings support moderate coffee consumption for people who already enjoy and tolerate it well,” said study senior author Ju Dong Yang, MD, medical director of the Liver Cancer Program at Cedars-Sinai. “However, we would not recommend that someone begin drinking coffee solely for liver protection based on this study alone. Prevention should continue to focus on maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol, exercising regularly, and managing blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol.”

Because caffeine isn’t appropriate for everyone, people with uncontrolled high blood pressure, certain heart rhythm disorders, severe anxiety, insomnia or other conditions that require limiting caffeine should consult their healthcare provider before increasing their coffee consumption.

“The next step in our research is to identify the specific compounds in coffee that are responsible for these liver-protective associations,” said study author Shelly Lu, MD, the Women’s Guild Chair in Gastroenterology and director of the Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Cedars-Sinai. “Our findings point to biological pathways involving inflammation and scarring and highlight molecular targets that future research can explore to better understand how coffee may influence liver health and who stands to benefit the most.”

Additional Cedars-Sinai authors include Yufeng Wang, Abdelrahman M. Attia, Minsun Kwak, Seungwon Burm, Derin Celtik, Daniel Legaspi, Osama Khattab, Naomy Kim, Beza M. Mengistu, Kelsey N. Larios, Walid Ayoub, Alexandar Kuo, Paul Martin, Aarshi Vipani, Yun Wang, Debiao Li and Stephen Pandol.

Other authors include Mohammad Saeid Rezaee-Zavareh, David Sooik Kim and Suthat Liangpunsakul.

Conflicts of Interest: Ju Dong Yang reports the following conflicts of interest: consulting service for AstraZeneca, Eisai, Exact Sciences, and Fujifilm Medical Sciences.

Cedars-Sinai Health Sciences University is advancing groundbreaking research and educating future leaders in medicine, biomedical sciences and allied health sciences. Learn more about the university.

Digestive Disease Week is the largest international gathering of physicians and scientists in the fields of gastroenterology, hepatology, endoscopy and gastrointestinal surgery.

Cedars-Sinai is a nationally recognized leader in gastroenterology and gastrointestinal surgery. Digestive and liver disease experts attending the conference are available to discuss a wide variety of research, including these presentations.

Late-Breaking Trial Shows Progress in Difficult Ulcerative Colitis

Maria T. Abreu, MD, executive director of the F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, will present late-breaking results from a clinical trial evaluating two targeted biologic therapies for ulcerative colitis used together. The study focused on patients whose disease had not responded to multiple advanced treatments and found that the combination led to higher rates of clinical remission and healing of the intestinal lining compared with either drug alone.

“We studied patients whose disease has already proven difficult to treat and found that using two therapies together led to stronger outcomes than either alone, without increasing side effects,” Abreu said.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Ali Rezaie, MD, medical director of the GI Motility Program, will present research that found palatable elemental diet nutrition replacement reduced abdominal pain and related symptoms in people with irritable bowel syndrome after two weeks.

Zoe Krut, MHDS, a clinical research coordinator with the Center for Outcomes Research and Education at Cedars-Sinai Health Sciences University, will present research from a multicenter randomized trial showing that virtual reality-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy improved symptoms of IBS and was well accepted by patients. Study leader Christopher Almario, MD, MSHPM, assistant professor of Medicine and Health Systems Research, will also be on hand to discuss the research.

Interventional Gastroenterology

Barham K. Abu Dayyeh, MD, MPH, director of Interventional Gastroenterology, will share results of a study in which a less invasive laparoscopic procedure for hiatal hernia-associated GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) was used. It achieved results similar to standard surgery, with fewer complications. The abstract has been selected for the “Best of DDW” session held at the end of the meeting, highlighting 6 of the top studies presented.

Abu Dayyeh will also share results of another study in which a novel endoscopic therapy used pulsed electric fields to treat the lining of the small intestine. Results reveal improvements in blood sugar control and weight management for nearly one year in adults with Type 2 diabetes.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Talin Haritunians, PhD, a research associate professor of Medicine, will present results of a study that found patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have distinct genetic variants linked to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, independent of traditional risk factors.

Allistair Clark, MA, a clinical research data specialist at Cedars-Sinai Health Sciences University, will share results of an investigation that found an AI-powered virtual reality therapy reduced pain and anxiety in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in both inpatient and outpatient settings.

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)

Ruchi Mathur, MD, an endocrinologist, and Gabriela Leite, PhD, a research scientist, will present research linking changes in the small bowel microbiome to Type 2 diabetes. These include strong associations with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and higher glucose levels. Mathur and Leite are with the Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program.

Diagnostics: Breath Testing

Mark Pimentel, MD, gastroenterologist, and project scientist Maria Jesus Villanueva-Millan, PhD, of the MAST program, are available to discuss their research t directly comparing breath and small-intestine gases in the same patients, showing that hydrogen sulfide levels reflect those in the small intestine and are linked to specific microbes and diarrhea severity.

Liver Disease

Hyunseok Kim, MD, MPH, PhD, hepatologist and assistant professor, Medicine, will present results of research examining biomarkers that may help predict cirrhosis and liver disease progression in people with alcohol-associated liver disease.

Ju Dong Yang, MD, medical director of the Liver Cancer Program, and clinical research data specialist Osama Khattab, MD, are available to discuss their research showing that transarterial radioembolization (TARE) achieved survival outcomes comparable to ablation in early-stage liver cancer, suggesting it may offer an alternative treatment option for patients.

Media Contact

To schedule an interview with a Cedars-Sinai expert during the conference, please contact Laura Coverson Laura.Coverson@cshs.org or 310-562-1112.

“These rising cancer rates are expected worldwide, and large-scale efforts need to be made to encourage lifestyle changes and develop screening programs to reduce them,” said Ju Dong Yang, MD, medical director of the Liver Cancer Program and professor of Medicine at Cedars-Sinai and co-corresponding author of the study.

Liver Cancer

Yang said that up to 70% of liver cancers could be prevented through lifestyle changes, because while hepatitis B and C were once leading causes of liver cancer in the U.S., they are being eclipsed.

“Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, or MASLD, is emerging as a leading cause of liver cancer in Western countries, including the U.S.,” Yang said. “This is a buildup of fat in the liver that is associated with diabetes, obesity, and uncontrolled high cholesterol and high blood pressure.”

Taking steps to help control these risk factors is the best way to reduce risk, Yang said.

Yang said that only about 20% of people in the U.S. with cirrhosis from hepatitis and other chronic liver conditions receive liver cancer screening, which could help improve early detection and patient outcomes. Only about 30% of liver cancers are detected at an early enough stage for cure, Yang said.

Esophageal and Gastric Cancers

Lifestyle factors and limited screening also come into play in risk for esophageal and gastric cancers, said Alexandra Gangi, MD, director of the Division of Surgical Oncology in the Jim and Eleanor Randall Department of Surgery and director of the Gastrointestinal Tumor Program.

“These tumors cause few symptoms before the cancer has spread—and they tend to spread rapidly,” Gangi said. “To reduce risk, focus on preventable issues such as obesity, tobacco and alcohol use, and diet. And if you have other risk factors such as chronic acid reflux, gastritis or family history of these cancers, speak with your doctor about screening.”

Colorectal Cancer

Everyone should be screened for colorectal cancer by age 45—but those with a family history of the disease should begin sooner, said Alessio Pigazzi, MD, PhD, director of the Division of Colorectal Surgery. Results of that first screening, along with other risk factors, will help determine how often follow-up screenings are needed.

“Late diagnosis makes colorectal cancer highly lethal, while early diagnosis leads to very high cure rates,” Pigazzi said. “To reduce risk, everyone should eat a diet focused on whole foods that are high in fiber and low in sugars and animal fats, exercise regularly, keep up with screenings, and watch for colon cancer symptoms such as frequent rectal bleeding or unexplained changes in bowel habits.”

Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is another GI cancer usually diagnosed in advanced stages—with 50% of people diagnosed when the disease has already spread, said Arsen Osipov, MD, medical director of Pancreatic Cancer and Multidisciplinary Programs and Integration.

“There have been recent advances in early detection and treatment, including blood-based ‘liquid biopsy’ tests and structured screening programs for those with strong genetic risk,” Osipov said. “And multidisciplinary clinics, such as one pioneered at Cedars-Sinai, help accelerate diagnosis and treatment planning, and improve access to clinical trials and patient outcomes.”

To reduce pancreatic cancer risk, Osipov recommended paying attention to modifiable lifestyle factors similar to those for other GI cancers. He also suggested that people with chronic pancreatitis or family history of pancreatic cancer consider genetic counseling and participation in a high-risk surveillance program.

On the Horizon

Cedars-Sinai research is changing the landscape of GI cancer detection and treatment, said Katelyn Atkins, MD, PhD, interim chair and medical director of Radiation Oncology. Blood-based biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA are improving early detection and allowing for tailored treatments and better detection of recurrence in colorectal cancer—and are now being leveraged for other GI sites, Atkins said.

“Improvements in radiation oncology techniques are allowing us to deliver the therapy more precisely and better protect nearby organs, making it safer to deliver more intense and effective treatment,” Atkins said. “There is also growing use of radiotherapy as an alternative to radical surgery in rectal, esophageal and gastroesophageal cancers.” 

Biomarker-driven treatment is also improving integration of radiotherapy into treatment regimens that also include surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy.  

“This shift toward more personalized, biology-driven treatment approaches helps us extend survival and preserve quality of life for patients with GI cancers,” said Robert Figlin, MD, interim director of Cedars-Sinai Cancer. “We will continue to work to improve treatment options and prevent cancer incidence in our community.”  

Cedars-Sinai Health Sciences University is advancing groundbreaking research and educating future leaders in medicine, biomedical sciences and allied health sciences. Learn more about the university.

The study, published in the journal Liver Cancer, found that these patients had overall survival rates that were 85% higher than patients who received immunotherapy alone.

“The data we reviewed showed that patients who received follow-up transplants or tumor removal after immunotherapy reduced the size of their tumors lived much longer than patients who just remained on immunotherapy,” said Ju Dong Yang, MD, medical director of the Liver Cancer Program at Cedars-Sinai and senior author of the study.

Liver cancer is rarely detected in the earliest stages, when tumors are small enough that a transplant or removal is possible. In advanced liver cancer, immunotherapy—medications that harness the power of a patient’s immune system—can shrink tumors but not cure the disease.

Previous research, also led by Cedars-Sinai, found that liver transplant or tumor removal is possible after immunotherapy shrinks a tumor to “downstage” the cancer. In this new study investigators wanted to see how well patients treated with these follow-up procedures fared.

They reviewed data on more than 4,300 patients with advanced liver cancer from the National Cancer Database, which contains more than 70% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases in the U.S.

Despite the higher overall survival rates after follow-up procedures, only about 3% of patients on immunotherapy went on to receive transplants or tumor removal. Most of those patients were treated at academic medical centers like Cedars-Sinai, the investigators found.

“Performing liver transplant following immunotherapy isn’t yet common practice,” Yang said. “This is unfortunate, as patients with advanced liver cancer often die without such treatment—even if their cancer is under control—because they also have other liver ailments. A transplant leaves the patient with a healthy liver.”

Yang plans to further make his case for more aggressive treatment for these patients through a new study that will launch in the coming months. Investigators will enroll patients who receive immunotherapy followed by liver transplants and will record their outcomes.

“When our physician-scientists create studies based on patient needs and then apply their findings to patient care, it improves outcomes for everyone we serve and for patients around the world,” said Robert Figlin, MD, interim director of Cedars-Sinai Cancer. “As an academic medical center, that is our mission.”

Additional Cedars-Sinai authors include Gwang Hyeon Choi, Hyun-Seok Kim, Michael Luu, Alexander Kuo, Walid S. Ayoub, Hirsh Trivedi, Yun Wang, Aarshi Vipani, Pin-Jung Chen, Steven A. Miles, Emily A. Kaymen, Andrew Hendifar, Tsuyoshi Todo, Todd V. Brennan, Georgios Voidonikolas, Steven A. Wisel, Justin Steggerda, Cristina Ferrone, Kambiz Kosari and Nicholas Nissen.

Other authors include Neehar D. Parikh and Amit G. Singal.

Funding: Dr. Singal’s research is supported by NCI R01 MD012565 and R01 CA256977. Dr. Yang’s research is supported by NCI K08CA259534.

Conflict of interest: Ju Dong Yang provides consulting service for AstraZeneca, Eisai, Exact Sciences, Exelixis, and Fujifilm Medical Sciences.

Cedars-Sinai Health Sciences University is advancing groundbreaking research and educating future leaders in medicine, biomedical sciences and allied health sciences. Learn more about the university.