WEBVTT

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>> Pseudomembranous Colitis.

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Pseudomembranous colitis is a
type of inflammatory disorder

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of the large intestine,
or colon.

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It is linked to the
use of antibiotics.

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If you take an antibiotic
to treat an infection,

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it can lead to an increase

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in the bacteria called
Clostridioides difficile,

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or C. diff, that
live in your colon.

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This bacteria can grow too
much, causing the disease.

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Pseudomembranous colitis occurs
more often in people who are

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in hospitals and nursing homes.

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Older people and people who have
other illnesses or conditions

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that need to take antibiotics

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for a long time are
at a higher risk.

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The bacteria C. diff is found

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in the infected person's
stool or feces.

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Other people can be infected

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if they touch a surface
contaminated with feces,

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such as a hand or toilet seat.

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Symptoms. You might have
pseudomembranous colitis

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if you have these symptoms:
diarrhea that is watery,

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foul smelling, and sometimes
bloody; stomach cramps and pain;

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fever; nausea; dehydration;

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pus in the stool;
and loss of appetite.

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Symptoms often start 1 to 2
days after taking antibiotics

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to a few months later.

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Sometimes people
don't have symptoms

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until they stop taking
the antibiotics.

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In really bad cases, you
may have more symptoms.

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These include shock, low
blood pressure, a weak pulse,

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or a heart rate that
is faster than normal.

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Diagnosis.

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Your healthcare provider
may do several tests to see

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if you have pseudomembranous
colitis.

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Some of those tests are: a
stool sample test to check

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for the bacteria in
your colon; a blood test

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to check your white
blood cell count;

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and an exam to look
inside your colon.

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You may have a sigmoidoscopy
or a colonoscopy.

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In each test, a thin,
flexible tube containing light

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and small tools is
put into the rectum.

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Tissue samples are taken
from your colon and sent

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to a lab to be checked.

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For really bad cases, you
may have imaging tests,

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such as an X-ray or C-T
scan of your lower belly.

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Treatment.

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The best treatment is to
stop taking the antibiotic

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that caused the problem
as soon as possible.

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If you still have symptoms,

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your healthcare provider may
give you a different type

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of antibiotic that helps
to lower the amount

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of C. diff bacteria
in your colon.

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If your symptoms are really
bad, the medicine may be given

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through a vein or an IV.

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Or it may be given through
a thin tube that is put

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into the nose and
sent to your stomach.

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The medicine may also
be put in an enema

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and given into the rectum.

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In severe cases,
surgery is needed.

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If the disease recurs
many times over and over,

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your healthcare provider
may advise a fecal

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microbiota transplant.

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During this procedure,

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stool from a healthy donor
is put into your colon.

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To keep the infection
from spreading to others,

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make sure you scrub your hands
often with soap and water

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for at least 20 seconds.

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Alcohol-based hand sanitizer
does not kill C. diff spores,

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so remember to use
soap and water.

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Things to remember.

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If you have symptoms of
pseudomembranous colitis:

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Drink plenty of fluids,
such as water

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or watered-down fruit juice.

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Eat soft foods that
are easy to digest,

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such as applesauce,
rice, or bananas.

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Don't eat foods that are
high in fiber, such as nuts,

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beans, and vegetables.

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Eat several small
meals during the day.

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Don't eat foods that
irritate your stomach.

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These include spicy,
fried, or fatty foods.

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Scrub your hands often
with soap and water

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for at least 20 seconds,
especially before eating

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and after using the bathroom.

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If you have diarrhea, try
to use a separate bathroom.

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If that's not possible, have
the bathroom carefully cleaned

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after you use it.

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When to call your
healthcare provider.

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Call your healthcare provider
if: you have loose stools,

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abdominal cramps, or are
feeling worse when taking

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or just finishing a
course of antibiotics;

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your symptoms do not go away
after 4 days of treatment;

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or your symptoms worsen

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or new symptoms appear
during treatment.

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What we have learned.

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The main cause

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of pseudomembranous colitis
is the use of antibiotics.

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True or false?

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The answer is "true".

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Sometimes taking antibiotics
can lead to an increase

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in the bacteria C. diff
that live in your colon.

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The symptoms of pseudomembranous
colitis are headache

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and dizziness.

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True or false?

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The answer is "false".

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Symptoms include diarrhea
and stomach cramps.

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The main treatment is to
stop taking the antibiotics

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that caused the problem.

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True or false?

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The answer is "true".

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Your healthcare provider may
give you a different type

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of antibiotic to
help lower the amount

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of C. diff bacteria
in your colon.

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