WEBVTT

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>> Concussion.

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A concussion is an
injury to the brain.

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It's caused when something
hits you on the head,

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or when you hit your
head against something.

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This action causes
the brain to knock

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against the hard bony
surface inside the skull.

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An injury to another part of
the body that transmits force

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to the head can also
result in a concussion.

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A concussion is also sometimes
called a mild traumatic brain

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injury, or T-B-I.

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Symptoms. A concussion
can sometimes cause a loss

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of consciousness,
but not always.

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You may not remember the event,

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or what happened before
or after the event.

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You may also have confusion
or difficulty concentrating.

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You may have dizziness,
headache, nausea, and vomiting.

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You may feel a loss of
balance or have mild problems

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with your coordination.

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Symptoms last for
a few days at most

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and show steady improvement
over a short time.

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Diagnosis.

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Loss of consciousness,
memory loss, or confusion

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after a head injury may be
enough to diagnose concussion.

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But many people have
a concussion

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without ever losing
consciousness.

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Your healthcare provider
will ask you some questions

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about how the injury happened
and where you hit your head.

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In the emergency room, a measure
called the Glasgow Coma Scale

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can help to predict the level

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of brain injury after
a head trauma.

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This scale looks at your status
by checking how awake you are,

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if you are able to speak and
answer questions correctly,

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and whether you can move various
parts of your body on command.

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Diagnosis of a head
injury usually includes a

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neurological exam.

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Your healthcare provider
will check

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to see how well your
nervous system is working.

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You may have tests to check
your thinking and balance.

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Some people with a concussion
will have normal results.

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If your exam shows certain
problems, such as trouble

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with your vision,

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your healthcare provider
may recommend other tests.

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These can include
imaging studies

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such as a C-T scan
or M-R-I scan.

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Some people with a
concussion will have normal C-T

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or M-R-I results.

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If your symptoms get worse,
C-T and M-R-I scans may help

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to guide your treatment.

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Treatment.

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Treatment for concussion
includes plenty of rest

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and careful observation.

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You should not be left alone
for the first day or so.

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You need to be checked
on every couple of hours

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for the first 24 hours or until
you are feeling normal again.

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Most people with a concussion
can be safely watched at home.

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You will need to be watched
for signs and symptoms such as:

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A headache that gets worse.

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Repeated vomiting.

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Confusion that gets worse.

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Increasing drowsiness.

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An inability to be
wakened from sleep.

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Muscle weakness on one or
both sides of your body.

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Difficulty walking.

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Unequal pupil size or
abnormal eye movements.

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Or, violent movements of the
body known as convulsions.

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These symptoms may be
evidence of a head injury

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with increasing pressure
from swelling and bleeding.

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Have someone call 9-1-1
right away if you have any

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of these signs or symptoms.

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While you are resting at home,
certain treatments can help.

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Medicines like acetaminophen
can be helpful for headache.

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Your healthcare provider
may tell you not

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to take pain relievers
such as aspirin

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or other nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs

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like ibuprofen because
they can increase the risk

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for bleeding in the brain.

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Putting an ice pack

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on the injured area may
also help with pain.

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If you are nauseated, stick to
small amounts of food or fluids.

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Vigorous activity can
make a headache worse.

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Keep your activity light
and get plenty of rest.

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Stay away from medicines or
substances that cause drowsiness

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or changes in your
level of consciousness.

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These include narcotic
pain medicines, alcohol,

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sleeping pills, muscle
relaxants, tranquilizers,

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or recreational drugs.

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They can hide important
symptoms that may show

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that you're getting
worse after a concussion.

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Also limit your participation
in exercise or sports.

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Many athletic programs
have a strict policy

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on when someone can
resume practice

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and competition after
a concussion.

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Repeated concussions
increase your risk

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of permanent symptoms
in the future.

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A repeat concussion
before you fully recover

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from a prior concussion
is very dangerous.

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Things to remember.

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A concussion does not always
cause loss of consciousness.

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Symptoms should get
better within a short time.

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Most people with a concussion
can be safely watched at home.

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What we have learned.

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A concussion can
sometimes cause memory loss.

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True or false?

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The answer is true.

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There may be no memory of the
event, or before or after it.

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A concussion is a kind

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of traumatic brain
injury, or T-B-I.

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True or false?

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The answer is true.

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Another name for
concussion is mild T-B-I.

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It is safe to be alone
after a concussion.

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True or false?

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The answer is false.

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Someone should check
on you every few hours

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for the first 24 hours or until
you start feeling normal again.

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